Tropical Storm Neki continues moving north and over the weekend it will be in open waters in the Central Atlantic. NASA’s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite passed over Neki early on October 23 and noticed some intense areas of rainfall, even though it is not a hurricane anymore.

On Friday afternoon, October 23, a Tropical Storm warning was still effect for The Papahanaumokuakea National Monument from Nihoa Island to French Frigate Shoals to Maro Reef.

On October 23 at 11 a.m. EDT (5 a.m. HST), Neki had maximum sustained winds near 70 mph. It was moving north-northeast near 7 mph, and had a minimum central pressure of 995 millibars. Its center was about 90 miles south-southeast of French Frigate Shoals and 400 miles west of Lihue, Hawaii near 22.8 North and 165.6 West.

The French Frigate Shoals is the largest atoll in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. It got its mane name from the French explorer Jean-François de La Pérouse, who almost lost two frigates when attempting to navigate the shoals.

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, managed by NASA and the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) passed over Tropical Storm Neki on October 23 at 0124 UTC (9:24 a.m. EDT Oct. 22) and captured a look at Neki’s rainfall. TRMM found that areas of heavy rainfall continued to fall in the northeast and the northern quadrants of the storm. Rainfall rates were very intense, around 2 inches (50 millimeters) per hour in those areas of Neki. Because rainfall is so intense, the Central Pacific Hurricane Center is calling for rainfall amounts between 8 and 12 inches in Neki’s path over the weekend.

Rain rates are created from different instruments aboard TRMM. The rain rates in the center of TRMM images are derived from the TRMM Precipitation Radar, the only spaceborne radar of its kind, while those in the outer portion are from the TRMM Microwave Imager. The rain rates are then overlaid on infrared data from the TRMM Visible Infrared Scanner to create the entire image. The images are created at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, in Greenbelt, Md.

High seas and large surf will continue to impact portions of the Papahanaumokuakea National Monument Friday and Friday night.

Neki and is expected to continue weakening while moving toward the north-northeast over the weekend.

Typhoon Lupit is giving residents of Luzon a break from facing the storm head on. The Luzon region of the Philippines still experienced rain and gusty winds, but the storm didn’t and won’t make landfall there.

Lupit, called “Ramil” in the Philippines, turned north on Friday, October 23, and is forecast to move northeast, while staying at sea and tracking to the east of Taiwan over the weekend. While on its northern track, cooler waters and wind shear will continue weakening the storm.

At 11 a.m. EDT or 11 p.m. local Asia/Manila Time, October 23, Lupit had maximum sustained winds near 55 knots (63 mph). It was located 345 miles north-northeast of Manila, near 19.8 North and 123.6 East. It was crawling north-northeast near 4 mph, but still generating 31-foot-high waves.

Despite the storm’s turn to the north, warnings still abound in the Philippines for October 23. Public Storm Warning Signal 3 is in force in the following areas of Luzon: Babuyan, Calayan Islands and Batanes Group. Public Storm Warning Signal 2 is in force in the following areas of Luzon: Northern Cagayan, Ilocos Norte and Apayao. Public Storm Warning Signal 1 is in force in the following areas of Luzon: Ilocos Sur, Abra, Kalinga.

NASA’s Quick Scatterometer satellite (QuikScat) observed Lupit’s winds by using microwaves to peer into the clouds. QuikScat can determine the speed of the rotating winds within the storm at the surface of the ocean.

NASA’s QuikScat measured Typhoon Lupit’s winds on October 22 at 0947 UTC (5:47 p.m. Local time Manila) by using microwaves to peer into the clouds. QuikScat can determine the speed of the rotating winds. White barbs show direction of wind and point to areas of heavy rain. The highest wind speeds are normally shown in purple, which indicate winds over 40 knots (46 mph). QuikScat noticed that Lupit’s tropical storm-force winds extended as far as 135 miles from center of the storm.

Data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), an instrument that flies aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite captured an infrared image of Typhoon Lupit at 12:47 p.m. local Manila time October 23. Infrared imagery revealed that the deep convection located over the low-level center of circulation has become fragmented and disorganized.

Because AIRS infrared images show the temperature of the cloud tops, scientists can tell how strong the thunderstorms are that make up the tropical cyclone. The highest clouds have the coldest temperatures. In fact, they can be as cold or colder than 220 degrees Kelvin (K) or minus 63 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Lower clouds are as cold as 27F (240K). There are still some very high, strong thunderstorms around Lupit’s center of circulation. The data from AIRS is also used to create an accurate 3-D map of atmospheric temperature, water vapor and clouds, all of which are also helpful to forecasters.

Forecasters at the U.S. Navy’s Joint Typhoon Warning Center also looked at water vapor imagery, and noticed that an upper level mid-latitude jet stream has been affecting the northwestern quadrant of Typhoon Lupit in a way that’s detrimental to the storm. The jet stream is bringing in dry air to the mid-and-upper levels of the storm, which is weakening it as it moves north.

Although Lupit is turning north, it’s expected to continue crawling at a slow pace, which means a longer duration of rain over northern Luzon this weekend. Eventually it will pull far enough away so that the fringes of the storm let Luzon start drying out.